As consumers and businesses move away from plastic, many turn to eco-friendly alternatives like biodegradable and compostable bags. However, these terms are often used interchangeably—leading to confusion. As a responsible biodegradable bag manufacturer, we believe it’s crucial to clarify the differences between these two sustainable solutions so that buyers can make informed decisions.
1. What Does “Biodegradable” Really Mean?
A biodegradable bag is made from materials that naturally break down over time through the action of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and enzymes. The key features are:
Breakdown can occur in various environments: soil, landfill, or water.
Time required to decompose varies—can take weeks to years.
May leave behind residue if not 100% natural (some products labeled "biodegradable" contain plastics mixed with organic materials).
From a manufacturer's perspective, producing truly biodegradable bags means ensuring the material used breaks down without harming the environment. This includes:
Using natural ingredients like cornstarch, PLA, or PBAT.
Avoiding conventional plastic or oxo-degradable additives.
2. What Does “Compostable” Mean?
A compostable bag is one that not only biodegrades but also turns into nutrient-rich compost under specific conditions. Compostable bags:
Break down within a defined time (usually 90 to 180 days) in industrial composting facilities.
Leave behind no toxic residue, only water, CO₂, and organic matter.
Must meet strict certifications like EN 13432 (Europe) or ASTM D6400 (USA).
From a manufacturing standpoint, compostable bags require:
Precision in material formulation to meet compostability standards.
Testing in certified labs to ensure compliance.
Labeling and documentation for certifications to ensure transparency.
3. Key Differences Explained
| Feature | Biodegradable Bags | Compostable Bags |
|---|---|---|
| Decomposition Speed | Varies (can take years) | 90–180 days (industrial composting) |
| Residue After Decomposition | May leave microplastics | Leaves no harmful residue |
| Breakdown Conditions | Natural environments (varies) | Controlled composting environments |
| Certifications Required | Not always mandatory | Requires certification (e.g., EN13432) |
| Environmental Impact | Can vary based on material used | Minimal if composted properly |
4. Misleading Marketing Practices
Some brands claim their bags are biodegradable or compostable without meeting the actual standards. This “greenwashing” can harm the environment and mislead consumers. A responsible biodegradable bag manufacturer will:
Display authentic certifications
Clearly label product specifications
Educate clients on proper disposal
Always ask your supplier for third-party testing reports or certifications to ensure the product you're buying aligns with environmental claims.
5. Which One Should You Choose?
It depends on your business needs and the end user's disposal options:
Biodegradable bags are suitable if waste management infrastructure is limited and users are likely to dispose of them in regular waste.
Compostable bags are ideal if your customers have access to industrial or home composting facilities.
Some manufacturers also offer hybrid solutions—bags that are both biodegradable and compostable under the right conditions.
Conclusion
Understanding the difference between biodegradable and compostable bags is crucial for making sustainable packaging decisions. As a knowledgeable biodegradable bag manufacturer, we stress the importance of verifying claims, checking certifications, and choosing the right product based on your waste management capabilities.
Make the right switch—not just for your brand, but for the planet.